Other species include dogs, hamsters, cats, guinea-pigs, rabbits, and monkeys. Researchers can do the test with any animal species but they use rats or mice most often. The LD 50 value obtained at the end of the experiment is identified as the LD 50 (oral), LD 50 (skin), LD 50 (i.v.), etc., as appropriate. intramuscular) or into the abdominal cavity (i.p.
#Greater than less than equal to die skin#
The chemical may be given to the animals by mouth (oral) by applying on the skin (dermal) by injection at sites such as the blood veins (i.v.- intravenous), muscles (i.m. In nearly all cases, LD 50 tests are performed using a pure form of the chemical. This type of test is also referred to as a "quantal" test because it is measures an effect that "occurs" or "does not occur". One way is to carry out lethality testing (the LD 50 tests) by measuring how much of a chemical is required to cause death. Therefore, to compare the toxic potency or intensity of different chemicals, researchers must measure the same effect. However, this information does not tell us if A or B is more toxic because we do not know which damage is more critical or harmful. We could say that nerve damage is observed when 10 grams of chemical A is administered, and kidney damage is observed when 10 grams of chemical B is administered. We could measure the amount of a chemical that causes kidney damage, for example, but not all chemicals will damage the kidney. Since different chemicals cause different toxic effects, comparing the toxicity of one with another is hard. Depending on how the chemical will be used, many kinds of toxicity tests may be required. Chemicals can have a wide range of effects on our health.